How can I reduce fatigue?

Fatigue is both a physiological and psychological response to exercise, so how can we help prevent it? Fatigue comes in two forms central and peripheral. Central starts in the central nervous system and works to reduce bodily harm and peripheral is the failure to maintain output such as a depletion in glycogen and occurs in the muscle itself. However, the exact chain of events leading to both is not determined. For most athletes’ fatigue is fatigue no matter where it originates and will affect performance if not managed properly.

How to we prevent fatigue?

First, having a good training program with appropriate periodization is a good start. Factoring in the individual, prep phase, specific prep, competition, travel, injury and personal beliefs. If you are an athlete who has a “season” this is fairly simple. If you’re an athlete with various events throughout the year, it’s a little more complicated. My advice with training is to seek the advice of a coach. This doesn’t always have to be in person, there are many coaches online (especially running ones) who can put together training plans and help you reach your goals.

Second, make the most of your post exercise routine. This is where things can get complicated. With regards to fatigue there are a variety of ways to help from active recovery, massage, cryotherapy, compression garments etc. In this systematic review it was found that all of those reduced perceived fatigue. Inflammation was best combat with massage and cold exposure.  Note, please, that there have also been studies stating the opposite. For instance in this study it notes that cryotherapy is no better than active recovery for reducing inflammation, this could save you a few quid in the long run.

As a note, it has been found that active recovery at a moderate intensity is likely better than just resting. This is due to better blood flow and lactate distribution.

In my opinion, active recovery is the best place to start, for instance, after a long run or hard session have a brisk walk or brisk bike ride. No pressure, no clocks, nothing. Just you and the open air. This also works after a difficult event as well, I find if I walk after a marathon I’m not as sore as I am when I don’t. If that doesn’t help, sit in a cool tub (10C) for ten minutes, another cheap option to try.

If you still feel sore or tired book in for a massage. Obviously, prices range on location and experience, but booking in for a one-hour session will at least help you decide if it’s for you. Compression garments may also be a good investment. I won’t lie, I use mine after long runs and after marathons. Yes, this is likely only reducing perceived fatigue and therefor may not work for everyone.

Fatigue can also stem from stress or a lack of sleep, so if you’re not sleeping properly, you’re not going to recover from training properly. If you are having trouble sleeping you can try a variety of  methods to see if they help. If not, speak to your GP and get appropriate advice. 

And don't forget the importance of nutrition. If you are not eating enough to eat you will not have the energy to compete. This has been a focus recently in the news, so make sure you are eating appropriately and if you are not sure, seek the advice of a dietician.

Recovery can be a very personal thing for each athlete and it is important to find what works for you.

Are you under-recovering?

We've all been there. Focused on a goal, whether it be a weight, distance or time. So we push ourselves, sometimes too hard.

Symptoms of overtraining/under-recovering can seem mild at first, but they become more prevalent as time goes on. If we ignore the signs, we're heading into a downward spiral. Symptoms often start as an increase of muscle soreness, elevated heart rate, an increase in colds due to reduced immunity, increase occurrence of injuries, irritability, depression, loss of motivation, insomnia, decreased appetited and eventually weight loss. 

If you've ever had this happen then you know all too well that not recovering properly can leave us feeling pretty low. But, there are ways to ensure that you don't put yourself into this position.

Rest, yes, rest is the key. If we don't allow the body time to recover we will suffer. Make sure you take a break after a hard training day, don't force yourself to train 6-7 days a week without rest. You can also reduce the volume and intensity of the exercise. For instance, a runner can reduce effort or distance, a weight lifter can reduce reps or weight.

It is also important to make sure you are eating properly. Often, in search of weight loss, we don't eat enough for the amount of energy we are exerting. Having a balanced diet of carbs, good fats and protein is essential for a good recovery. Avoid fad diets. If you're unsure of where to start with nutrition, seek the advice of a registered dietician. 

A great way to make sure you stay on track is to use the help of a personal trainer to help you make a training plan. There are plenty of folk that can help you produce a running plan that will keep you on track, just make sure you take advantage of rest days!

Always remember that it's okay to take an unscheduled rest day. If you are feeling under the weather or sore from the training from the day before, one day won't hurt you. And if you think you're suffering from a lack of recovery, take a short time off and let your body recover with other types of exercise like swimming, stationary bike or cross training.

If you have any questions about sports injuries and rehabilitation please contact me at sara@prestigesportinjury.co.uk

Stay sensible in hot weather

For any of you who took part in any running over the London Marathon Sunday then you’re aware of the discomfort that warm weather running can be. Especially since most of you would have been training during the cold winter and very cold March.

Now that we’re into May we need to start thinking about how we can make warm weather running more tolerable so that you keep going in the summer.

First, try running earlier or later than normal to get most of the cooler temperatures. Avoid running during the peak of the day. If you must run during the daytime, try and find a shady path or trail to avoid the heat of the sun directly.

Second, stay hydrated. This doesn’t mean drinking all the water you can on a run but more like staying hydrated during the day and day before you’re running. Be sure to drink an electrolyte drink when you’ve been training in the heat.

Third, slow down! Remember the pace you normally run at may not be comfortable or tolerable. Running at a perceived rate of exertion rather than a specific pace is more sensible.

Finally, if it’s too hot and you have access try running on a treadmill. Especially for shorter runs this may be the best choice to keep you going.

And remember if you’re on medication make sure to check if they have a sensitivity to heat.

Please stay safe in the heat and enjoy the weather!

Self-care is not selfish, it's necessary

Self care is one of those words that gets batted around like, wellness and wellbeing. But do you practice it?

We live in an age of information and are bombarded daily with current events and world problems. We live in an age where, if you have children, you’re dropping them off at school and clubs throughout the week then off to work in a rush. Or perhaps you are someone’s carer you are unlikely, to even stop for a minute to relax.

You may be asking yourself, what is self-care? Self-care is the act of taking care of yourself. It is not selfish or greedy, it is merely putting yourself first for a moment and recharge your batteries.

I was a single parent during my last year of military service and my first year out. It was one of the most difficult times of my life. I was solely responsible for getting my son to before-school club, getting to work, picking him up on time (which was no easy feat), feeding him and making sure he got to bed on time with a book – all the while attending college online and in class. I had very little time for myself, and after a while it becomes relentless.

But, even in those times, I took time out. Even if it was the time after I put him to bed and studied to when I went to sleep, often only a half hour or so. Sometimes, I would book annual leave just to have a day to myself while he was at school, just to get food shopping done in peace.

How can we practice self-care? First, you need to make a conscious decision to take time out for yourself. Put it in your diary, make sure you do it daily. It’s not like having a cold and you only need to take medicine while you’re ill, you need to perform acts of self-care daily to make it a habit.

Second, you don’t need to spend money on self-care. There are many things you can do for free.

Third, self-care is about the mind, body and spirit. So mental relaxation, exercise and acts of kindness can go a long way.

Here are some brief ideas on ways to perform acts of self-care:

·         Mini-mediation at lunch time or before bed

·         Mini declutter: pick three things from your wardrobe to donate to charity

·         Unplug from your phone/laptop for an hour – great before bed

·         Remove or mute negative people from your social media feed

·         Dance around your living room

·         Go for a walk outdoors during your lunch hour

·         Make a healthy change in your diet

·         Get 15 minutes of sun – especially in the winter

·         Help someone – open a door, carry some bags, help an old lady across the street

·         Give yourself an hour date – read a book, visit a museum or practice your hobby

By doing these things little, but often you will start to feel more satisfied. It can be difficult working, having children, or being someone’s carer and you need to think about yourself as well.

If you have any questions about sports injuries and rehabilitation please email me at sara@prestigesportinjury.co.uk

Keeping hydrated, a guide.

We all know the importance of hydration during exercise, but do we really know how to measure it? As most people know, sweating leads to fluid and electrolyte loss. If we don’t replace the lost fluids or electrolytes we become dehydrated, leading to muscle fatigue, confusion, lack of coordination, inability to regulate heat and heat exhaustion.

It is important to know how to measure your water loss as it varies person to person, you can do this by weighing yourself before and after exercise and checking the colour of your urine. and ensure you are hydrated prior to exercise. The darker the colour the more dehydrated you are. The ACSM guidelines for dehydration and weight loss  are as follows:

Well hydrated: -1 to +1% (body weight (bw) change), Minimal dehydration: -1 to -3% (bw change), Significantly dehydrated: -3 to -5% (bw change), Severely dehydrated: -5% (bw change)

As stated above, prior to exercise you should check the colour of your urine and weigh yourself. If your urine is dark to very dark, be sure to hydrate as follows at least four hours prior to exercise: 16-20 fluid oz (450 - 570 ml) water or carbohydrate (5-8%) sports drink. Then 10-15 minutes prior to exercise take on 8-12 fluid oz (230-340 ml) of water.

During exercise for under 60 minutes you should take 3-8 fluid oz (85-230 ml) water. For over 60 minutes exercise you should ingest a carbohydrate/electrolyte sports drink 3-8 fluid oz (85-230 ml) every 15-20 minutes. DO NOT CONSUME more than 1 lt per hour of fluids!

When you have completed your exercise, be sure to weigh yourself to determine how much fluids you should ingest within 2 hours. ACSM guidelines suggest 20- 24 fluid oz (570-680ml) for every pound lost.

Be careful not to overhydrate as this can lead to a potentially lethal condition so do not ingest more than 1 litre per hour of fluids. If you suspect you have over-hydrated contact your GP to begin tests.

I hope this helps to keep you hydrated this spring and summer.

If you have any questions about sports injuries and rehabilitation, please contact me at sara@prestigesportinjury.co.uk

Don't forget to get your Zzzzzz for recovery

As athletes we often here about the importance of sleep for recovery. But what is recovery, and why is it so important?

For me, I feel that sleep is the most important part of recovery, and probably the one that most people ignore. Becoming deprived of sleep leads to an increase of cortisol, the stress hormone. People under stress often have higher levels of cortisol than those not under stress. A lack of sleep also decreases glycogen and carbohydrates, leaving your muscles lacking the energy stores required for exercise. Less sleep also means a higher likelihood of fatigue, low energy and poor focus. Which means a higher likelihood of injury. Sleep deprivation also effects the brains ability to repair memory, consolidate memory and release hormones such as testosterone.

So, what does sleep do for us? Sleep restores brain function and alertness, good for hard training sessions. It enhances muscle recovery through protein synthesis and human growth hormone release, important for body builders. Sleep also repairs damaged tissues, this can take from 24-36 hours post session.

Good sleep and recovery means a reduction in injury rates. Muscles that are tired and sleep deprived cannot protect tendons, ligaments and bones from injuries as well as recovered muscles.

There are 5 stages of sleep 1-4 are non-REM sleep and 5 is REM sleep. Both types are important and necessary. These 5 stages run in cycles thorough out the sleep period, lasting about 90 minutes.

So, what can you do to help improve your sleep?

Have a night time ritual. This means turning off and removing your phone from your bedroom. The blue light from electronics tricks the brain into thinking it is daylight, so be shot of it. Get to bed before midnight, this is the better time to begin sleep rather than after. Make sure your room is dark and cool, blackout curtains are helpful to keep unwanted light out. Buy a high-quality mattress that is comfortable for you. Before going to sleep you can meditate or partake in positive self-talk.

Have a morning ritual. Get up the same time each day, even weekends! Get sunlight as soon as possible. Wake up and open your curtains.

What can affect sleep. Poor nutrition can affect sleep, avoid processed, fatty and spicy food. Avoid alcohol and watch your caffeine intake in the afternoon.

It can be helpful to track your sleep to help determine if high or low intensity work outs should take place. If you are feeling sluggish or tired, postpone your hard workout for a light one such as walking, hiking or cycling.

If you feel signs of fatigue, be sure to take the time off to recovery. Fatigue can manifest as tiredness, cold-like symptoms, lack of balance and the feeling of heavy feet.

So, remember, when you build a training plan, be sure to build in recovery and sleep. IF you’re not sure how to make a training plan there are many coaches online or personal trainers who can help take that burden off your shoulders.

If you have any questions about sports injuries and rehabilitation, please contact me at sara@prestigesportinjury.co.uk

Being outdoors is just the bees knees.

I know these currently cold days might want to keep you indoors, but don’t forgo the outdoors altogether! Whether you run, cycle or just go out for a walk the benefits of being outdoors are numerous and ones that you won’t want to miss.

If you’re looking to boost your creativity get yourself outside. I often use my outdoor run to think about business decisions, blog posts and even what craft project I’m going to work on next. A fair few years ago Stanford University noted the increase in creativity of 60% while walking outside. Some of this clarity may come from the alone time your brain gets when outdoors. Even when you’re out with other people there will be moments of peace away from conversation. When we’re inside there are many distractions such as the TV, internet and chores! This time alone gives us the ability to increase our concentration on tasks when we return from the outdoors.

A huge benefit of the outdoors in the decrease in stress when we’re out there. It has been noted by scientists that we, as a species, do not go outside enough. This could be contributing to our high stress lifestyles. By not taking time away from our household and work responsibilities we are impacting our mental health.  What better way of being in the present moment than walking, cycling or running outside? We don’t have to worry about the what if’s, what next or what has happened in our lives.

Self esteem can also be improved from just 5 minutes of outdoor exercise, being near a green space or near water can enhance this effect. The best activities for this is walking, running, cycling, horse back riding, fishing and gardening.

Going outdoors is also relatively low cost. For short in-town excursions to a local park all you need is a pair of walking shoes and proper outer wear for the weather. Many cities also have rental bike schemes if you want to try cycling without the commitment of purchasing a bike.

So, if you want to have improved mood, better self-esteem, less stress and better creativity get yourself outside and enjoy what nature has to offer us!